What Is Solar Photovoltaic Technology? An Overview of Solar PV

How Do Photovoltaic Cells Create Electricity from the Sun?

Photovoltaic cells, or solar cells, are made from semiconductor materials (most commonly silicon) that react with sunlight to create electricity. The cells are combined in panels, creating a larger surface area that better absorbs sun. When sunlight hits the PV cells, they move electrons loose. The electrons are then pushed in one direction by an internal electric field to create an electrical current. The electricity produced in the photovoltaic panels is direct current (DC), but most homes and facilities require an alternating current (AC) for power. A device called an inverter changes the direct current into alternating current.

Concentrated Solar Power vs. Photovoltaics​

Another common solar technology is concentrating solar power (CSP), which uses the sun’s heat to generate electricity. Concentrating solar power uses mirrors or lenses to concentrate sunlight onto a small area, typically heating a fluid to produce steam that drives a turbine and generates electricity. PV systems convert sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor materials in solar panels. While photovoltaic solar farms are more widespread due to lower costs and easier installation, CSP benefits include high energy storage and grid stability in sunny regions. CSP also produces alternating current electricity, which is generally easier to integrate with existing power systems. 

What Are Photovoltaic Panels Made Of?

Photovoltaic panels are made of photovoltaic cells connected and protected by other materials. Common materials in a panel include:

• Silicon PV cells
• Tempered glass protective layers
• Metal frame (usually aluminum)
• Insulating solar backsheet made from polyester or EVA
• Wiring to regulate energy flow, voltage and efficiency

Advantages of Photovoltaic Cells

There are many benefits of photovoltaic systems. Along with providing a sustainable energy solution, solar PV benefits include:

• Sunlight provides a renewable, clean and endless energy source.
• Once installed, PV systems require minimal maintenance and have a low operating cost.
• Solar power provides reliable energy for independence and security.
• PV technology minimizes the impacts of increasing energy costs from other energy sources.
• PV panels don’t emit greenhouse gases during operation.

Some people question the benefits of solar energy due to the significant initial investment and the power it takes to create the materials needed to generate electricity. However, once created, solar panels emit much less carbon dioxide than coal-powered electricity and can also last from 25 – 30 years or more, eventually paying for themselves by saving ongoing energy costs. 

Photovoltaic Solar Energy Matters for a Cleaner Future

Addressing concerns about energy sustainability, a solar PV system creates a practical solution that can be scaled to meet your construction project’s energy needs. It’s cost-effective in the long term and a step toward a cleaner and more energy-resilient future. As solar technology and the process to create PV panels continues to improve, PV energy only becomes more efficient and accessible.

Castle Contracting has experience working with project owners on a variety of utility-scale renewable projects, including solar. From preconstruction through operations, our team has a thorough understanding of what EPC partners need to successfully complete a project and will efficiently plan, price and complete site preparation work. 

Learn more about construction projects that integrate renewable energy solutions by contacting Castle Contracting today.